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Tikal Temple II (or the Temple of the Masks, alternatively labelled by archaeologists as Tikal Structure 5D-2) is a Mesoamerican pyramid at the Maya archaeological site of Tikal in the Petén Department of northern Guatemala. The temple was built in the Late Classic Period in a style reminiscent of the Early Classic.〔Sharer & Traxler 2006, p.303.〕 Temple II is located on the west side of the Great Plaza, opposite Temple I.〔Sharer & Traxler 2006, p.303.〕 Temple II was built by the king Jasaw Chan K'awiil I in honour of his wife, Lady Kalajuun Une' Mo'.〔Sharer & Traxler 2006, pp. 395, 397.〕 Temple II had a single wooden sculpted lintel that bears the portrait of a royal woman who may have been the wife of Jasaw Chan K'awiil I, who was entombed beneath Temple I.〔Sharer & Traxler 2006, p.303. Martin & Grube 2000, p. 46.〕 Lady Kalajuun Une' Mo', whose name means "Twelve Macaw Tails", was also important for being the mother of Jasaw Chan K'awill I's heir.〔Martin & Grube 2000, p.46.〕 In fact her son Yik'in Chan K'awiil oversaw the completion of Temple II when he became king.〔Drew 1999, p. 279.〕 Temple II was visited by Modesto Méndez, the governor of Petén, in 1848 on the first expedition to the ruins.〔Muñoz Cosme & Vidal Lorenzo 1998, pp. 11, 13.〕 Preliminary excavations of Temple II started in 1958.〔Coe 1962, p. 481.〕 On 21 December 2012, more than 7,000 tourists visited Tikal to celebrate the 2012 phenomenon and the supposed end of the world. Many of these tourists climbed the stairs of the pyramid, causing reported damages.〔(ABC News )〕 ==The structure== The pyramid is a squat, massive structure dating to the 8th century AD.〔Martin & Grube 2000, p.46. Miller 1999, pp.32–33.〕 Today it stands high and is the most thoroughly restored of the major temples at Tikal.〔Kelly 1996, p.134. Coe 1867, 1988, p.36.〕 Its original height would have been closer to including its roof comb.〔Coe 1867, 1988, p.36.〕 The main stairway is wide and projects from the pyramid base.〔Gómez 1998, p.63.〕 The base of the pyramid measures , covering a surface area of .〔Gómez 1998, p.60.〕 Excavations inside Temple II failed to discover Lady Kalajuun Une' Mo's tomb.〔Martin & Grube 2000, p.46.〕 Ancient graffiti within the temple shrine depicts a captive upon a platform and bound between two poles being sacrificed with an arrow or a spear.〔Sharer & Traxler 2006, pp.752–753.〕 Further ancient graffiti includes images of temples.〔Coe 1867, 1988, pp.36–37.〕 Some of this graffiti dates to the Classic Period, although other examples appear to date to the Early Postclassic.〔Coe 1867, 1988, p.37.〕 The interior walls have also been defaced with modern graffiti.〔Coe 1867, 1988, p.36.〕 Evidence of ritual use in the Postclassic Period was found within the temple shrine, including burials and offerings.〔Valdés & Fahsen 2005, p.153.〕 The pyramid rises in three stepped levels, upon the uppermost level is a wide platform supporting the summit shrine.〔Coe 1867, 1988, p.36.〕 The first level measures high, the second is high and the third level stands high, giving an average height of .〔Gómez 1998, p.60.〕 The total height of the pyramidal base is , the summit shrine measures high and the roof comb .〔Gómez 1998, p.60.〕 Two badly eroded giant masks adorn the upper platform, flanking the stairway to the shrine.〔Coe 1867, 1988, p.36.〕 These grotesque masks decorating the pyramid's facade give Temple II its alternative name of the Temple of the Masks.〔Coe 1867, 1988, p.36.〕 A large block of masonry was built into the stairway immediately outside the entrance to the shrine.〔Coe 1867, 1988, p.36.〕 this block may have served as an observation platform allowing the officiating priests to see the crowd in the plaza below and in turn be seen by the people there.〔Coe 1867, 1988, p.36.〕 The roof comb of the temple is highly ornate and bears the sculpture of a face with circular earspools.〔Coe 1867, 1988, p.36.〕 Various sealed chambers exist within the roof comb.〔Coe 1867, 1988, p.36.〕 The temple shrine upon the summit of the pyramid contains three chambers, the doorways of which were spanned by lintels.〔Kelly 1996, p.134.〕 Only the lintel over the middle doorway was carved.〔Kelly 1996, p.134.〕 The lintel consisted of five wooden beams, one of which is now in the American Museum of Natural History in New York.〔Kelly 1996, p.134.〕 When excavated the lintels had fallen from their original positions and have been restored.〔Coe 1867, 1988, p.37.〕 At the base of the main access stairway stands Stela P-83, which was plain, without sculpted decoration or hieroglyphic texts.〔Coe 1867, 1988, p.37.〕 The stela stands high and was broken but has been restored.〔Coe 1867, 1988, p.37.〕 It is associated with its respective altar.〔Coe 1867, 1988, p.37.〕 The distance from the base of the main stairway of Temple II, across the plaza to the base of the stairway of Temple I directly opposite is .〔Muñoz Cosme & Vidal Lorenzo 1998, p.12.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Tikal Temple II」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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